Prop Handicapping

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
We've had some great threads going already re: Super Bowl Props. We have our own resident sharp Jeff Haney with an excellent thread on some props (http://forums.eog.com/online-sports...er-propositions-take-center-stage-271310.html). I thought it might be a good idea to get a thread going where we can continue to talk about prop handicapping in general and maybe more specific propositions that come up as the Super Bowl nears.

I didn't invent this type of prop handicapping and am in now way trying to take credit for it. Virtually everything I'll post in this thread I either learned from any number of books on sports betting or some of the forums' sharper members. But hopefully my posts here will help a few of you make money and somewhere along the way, the favor will be returned.

According to Wong, handicapping props has three steps: (1) predict what you expect to happen if this event occurred 1000s of times (2) assign probabilities to both sides of the prop (3) quantify your edge so you know if it is a situation with a positive expected value (+EV).

For the first step--predicting what you think will happen--what you are looking for is to come up with an arithmetic mean with what you think will happen. Ideally, you're looking for situations where you come up with a number different than what the books post. I can't really tell you how to come up with this number, but it isn't as hard as you think. Take the season averages (maybe exclude weeks 16 and 17 because the Saints and Colts both took their feet off the gas) and perhaps adjust for the respective offenses/defenses they're going against. You don't need to spend more than 5 minutes on this part of pricing props. There are 100s of props out there, so you don't need to force it trying to create value against the book's numbers where there isn't any.

The second step--assigning probabilities--is the key to prop betting. For instance, right now I see Bodog has over 3.5 total sacks (+240)/under 3.5 total sacks (-300). With some shopping around you can easily find better lines and middle attempts. At any rate, say you expect there to be exactly 3 sacks in the game. That means you would make the under 3 sacks at -110 and the over -110. How do you convert this to the 3.5 sacks? By adjusting the juice of course.

The final step is deciding which ones to bet. Here you take the probability of winning and multiply it by the payout you would collect if the prop wins to attain the bet's expected value. If it's positive, well then you have an edge over the sportsbook. You should be able to find Super Bowl props with over 10% expected value , meaning that for every $100 you bet, you expect a $10 return. Of course, anything can happen on game day but you can't look at it as just a sample size of 1. You are concerned with the arithmetic mean, the average. If you're on the right side of the average more often than not, then you will make money long-term.
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

Now let's look at an example. Let's use that same example from Bodog. You'll likely be able to find a better line for what side you're looking for than Bodog's but it's fine for going through an example. We'll start with something that has just one countable variable.

TOTAL SACKS
over 3.5 (+240)
under 3.5 (-300)

The first thing you need to do is come up with your prediction. The Saints were #13 in the NFL this regular season in sacks with 35 sacks (2.9 per game). The Colts were #16 with 34 (2.1 per game). Both the Colts and Saints had 1 sack in their 2 post season games. So against an average offense, we expect the Saints defense to have 2 sacks per game (36 total sacks/18 total games) and the Colts defense to provide 1.94 sacks (35 total sacks/18 game). So against an average offense, these two defense would provide about 3.94 sacks per game.

You can do smaller adjustments with this such as weighing playoffs more, weighing regular season strength of schedule vs. rank of opponent's offense, some kind of ratio with whole sacks vs. assisted sacks, time of offense on the field, ratio of pass plays to run, including every "rushed" or "knocked down" as .25 sack, etc. etc. There's no end to how much info you could include in making your prediction. Obviously if you had a good database with all this information, you could formulate a regression model and calculate the "best-fit" line to see what kind of other statistics predict sacks and obtain a more precise prediction. But I've found you don't need to spend that much time with your predictions. Many of the lines are soft enough as it is, that just a somewhat 'quick and dirty' estimate will be enough to pick up the money the books leave dangling around.

Now Peyton Manning has been sacked 10 times this year. We'll exclude Weeks 16 and 17 and include the two play off games, so we can expect him to get sacked .625 times (10 total sacks/16 games with 14 regular season and 2 postseason) against an average defense (which New Orleans is essentially, considering their rank of #13 in total defense).

Drew Brees has been sacked 20 times. Using the same number of games, we can expect the Saints offense to allow 1.25 sacks against an average defense (Colts ranked #16 in total defense).

Another way to come up with these numbers for how likely Brees/Manning are to be sacked is to project how many pass attempts you think they will have and use that number for expected sacks on the offensive side. For instance, Brees was sacked 20 times out of his 519 pass attempts, for an average of about 1 sack every 26 pass attempts. For Peyton, it comes out to about one sack every 57 pass attempts. We'll ignore this for now, however.

So we have: Colts expected to be sacked .63 times and the Saints to get 2 sacks per game. So let's just take the average and say we expect 1.315 sacks on this side of the ball. On the other side, we can expect the Colts D to provide us with 1.94 sacks and the Saints offense to give up 1.25 for an average of about 1.6 sacks.

Add these two figures together an we have a projected total of 2.91 TOTAL SACKS for the game. Now if we were being offered the over/under 3.5 sacks with -110 on both sides, the under would clearly have value as we would expect there to be 2.91 sacks. But alas, with juice of +240 on the over and -300 on the under, we need to do a little more work to figure out if there is any value in this prop.

So now that we have settled on 2.91 as our mean total of sacks sacks for the game, there is a particular distribution of outcomes that applies. This is called the Poisson Distribution and it allows us to determine the probability of each possible outcome using our mean of 2.91. In other words, if 2.91 is an accurate prediction for the mean total of sacks, the Poisson Distribution can tell us the probability of their being exactly 1 sack, 2 sacks, 3 sacks, 4 sacks, 5 sacks, etc and thus you can calculate how likely you are to win if you are to take a given side of the prop.

I'm going to go out on a limb and assume that you don't have a statistics textbook handy, so instead use this posted Excel sheet to aid in your calculations. Go to the "Poisson -- One Variable" tab. I've entered 10% as our minimum edge to bet in "User Specify EV" and entered 2.91 for "User Specify Mean" as our expected number of sacks. Now you should see the distribution for the number of sacks from 0 to 8.5.

View attachment 3524

We're concerned with the over/under 3.5 sacks, so go to the bolded number 3.5. You'll see that (if our original handicapping is correct) there is a .667 chance that the total number of sacks is under 3.5, a 0% chance that the number of sacks for the game is 3.5, and a .333 chance it goes over 3.5.

Now that we have our probabilities, we need to convert these to moneylines (vigs) to know if we have an edge worth betting. The ML under and ML over columns have the MLs that we would need to meet a 10% edge. You should see that for there to be a 10% edge on the under 3.5 sacks, we would need an accompanying vig of -154. With Bodog giving us -300, there is absolutely no edge on the under. But you'll see that getting +231 on the over 3.5 sacks would be a 10% edge. Bodog is offering +240, so there is definitely value on the over 3.5 sacks at +240.

Now we want to know exactly what our edge is so we know what an appropriate amount of our bankroll to allocate towards this investment would be. Again, this is all predicated on our original estimate of 2.91 sacks being correct.

To conclude: this prop has a 66.7% chance of going under and a 33.3% chance of going over. If you bet $100 to win $240 on the over, you're $100 ticket has a 66.7% chance of losing, and a 33.3% chance of winning you $240. Now all we need to do is calculate the expected value. Easiest way is to set up a little chart:

Probability $ Expected Value
lose: .667 x -$100 = -$66.70
win: .333 x +$240 = +$79.92

Expected Value = +$13.22

Thus, for every $100 you wager, you can expect a return of $13.22. Or in other words, you have a 13.22% edge on this bet.
 

royalfan

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

The next time I base a prop on anything mathematical will be the first. Not necessary at all. I just see a line and determine if it is positive EV or not. Does not need to be complicated at all.
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

How do you determine if it's +EV or not then? I'll agree that once you get the hang of it you can just look and have a good estimate of whether it has a positive expectation or not.

What props are you betting next Sunday?
 

Jeff Haney

EOG Addicted
Re: Prop Handicapping

This is an excellent summary of how to analyze this type of prop.

To reiterate a point that might have gotten lost in the shuffle: This Poisson analysis applies only to props involving events that happen one at a time, like sacks, tackles, field goals, free throws, etc.

Poisson does not apply to things that happen in bunches, like a quarterback's passing yards.
 
Re: Prop Handicapping

Good read.

Couple of Q's for IrishTim:

What's the standard deviation for your averages of sacks? Don't you think the st. dev. is important in this context and how would it affect your estimation of value for this bet?

Does a Poisson distribution assume a normal (Gaussian) distribution? If so, what is the reasoning behind assuming the sack data is normally distributed?
 

ComptrBob

EOG Master
Re: Prop Handicapping

Good read.

Couple of Q's for IrishTim:

What's the standard deviation for your averages of sacks? Don't you think the st. dev. is important in this context and how would it affect your estimation of value for this bet?

Does a Poisson distribution assume a normal (Gaussian) distribution? If so, what is the reasoning behind assuming the sack data is normally distributed?

PMJI, but kudos to Irish Tim for a nice example of the use of a Poisson distribution. Again, EV is strictly a math computation. Someone may "feel" that a bet is a "winner long term", but unless you estimate the EV mathematically, you have no model to actually quantify the EV.

Answers are:

Interestingly, the variance of a Poisson distribution is equal to its mean. Thus, the variance of Tim's example is 2.91 and the standard deviation in the example is the square root of 2.91 or 1.71. It only represents how "spread out" the values are around the mean so it really doesn't affect the value of the bet.

A Poisson distribution is NOT the same as a normal or Gaussian distribution. The Poisson distribution can be derived as the limiting case of the binomial distribution. Sack data is not distributed in a normal distribution.
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

This is an excellent summary of how to analyze this type of prop.

To reiterate a point that might have gotten lost in the shuffle: This Poisson analysis applies only to props involving events that happen one at a time, like sacks, tackles, field goals, free throws, etc.

Poisson does not apply to things that happen in bunches, like a quarterback's passing yards.

Yes, I did forget to mention this, thanks Jeff for bringing it up. Poisson applies to events that occur one at a time (such as sacks or penalties), but not stuff that occurs in "bunches" as Jeff said like total sack or penalty yardage. The binomial distribution applies when there are two outcomes (heads/tails, sack/no sack, etc.). The other qualification for a Poisson is something that happens with (relatively) low frequency but has a lot of chances to happen.

You can also do Poisson distribution for two events such as the cross-sport ones we were talking about in Jeff's thread (i.e. Lebron FT attempts vs. Reggie Bush carries). Maybe we can go through an example of how I would handicap this later if people bring any interesting examples to the thread.

Good read.

Couple of Q's for IrishTim:

What's the standard deviation for your averages of sacks? Don't you think the st. dev. is important in this context and how would it affect your estimation of value for this bet?

Does a Poisson distribution assume a normal (Gaussian) distribution? If so, what is the reasoning behind assuming the sack data is normally distributed?

Great questions, beedo. Fortunately Bob got here before me and answered them better than I ever could.

PMJI, but kudos to Irish Tim for a nice example of the use of a Poisson distribution. Again, EV is strictly a math computation. Someone may "feel" that a bet is a "winner long term", but unless you estimate the EV mathematically, you have no model to actually quantify the EV.

This is the point I was trying to make early on. I have no doubts that royalfan is a successful handicapper and makes money betting props, but I would personally never feel confident that a prop bet was +EV unless I at least ran through a few cursory calculations.

My thoughts exactly.

Always nice to get the approval of one of the big guys in this biz.

To everyone else, it may seem like a long, time-consuming process (partly because I typed out every step in how I arrived at my average number of sacks which probably didn't need to be done) but once you get the hang of the Poisson spreadsheet it takes about 5 minutes per prop.
 

munson15

I want winners...
Re: Prop Handicapping

Ganchrow's got nothing on you, Tim. I presume you'll make that bet with a 13% edge?
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

Haha thanks, munson. I learned a ton from his old threads. Last I heard he ended up high, broke, and on a beach. It could be worse I suppose.

Anyway, if I still had a Bodog acct I would make that bet. None of my other outs (as of this morning) were offering the sack O/U under prop but I will likely be making that bet somewhere. As I'm sure you know, there plenty of 20%+ edge bets out there if you look hard enough.
 

royalfan

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

How do you determine if it's +EV or not then? I'll agree that once you get the hang of it you can just look and have a good estimate of whether it has a positive expectation or not.

What props are you betting next Sunday?


Just feel is the best way I can explain it. A lot of plays that I find value in go directly against the math of what has happened during the year. My strength is my eyes and being able to determine what is likely to happen and some of the best values are going into the teeth of what has happened. Kind of difficult to explain but the prop markets often overreact to what has happened.
 

Apple

Banned
Re: Prop Handicapping

Tim,

I care more about props than sides and totals.. Went 18-4 on props this season documented, and next season Im going to get real serious with it..

Hope to work with you next season on some NFL props kid and let me just say great thread you got working here, I appreciate your desire to learn..

IrishTim is a star in the making..
 

Almost Allright

GO Bucks!!!
Re: Prop Handicapping

Great stuff. Sharp Sports Betting by Stanford Wong has a complete chapter covering Poisson and props. I pull it off the shelve every time superbowl props come around. I need a reference, i am too old to remeber all this in my head.

Tim appreciate the effort. 12io4j2w90
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

Tim,

I care more about props than sides and totals.. Went 18-4 on props this season documented, and next season Im going to get real serious with it..

Hope to work with you next season on some NFL props kid and let me just say great thread you got working here, I appreciate your desire to learn..

IrishTim is a star in the making..

I look forward to it, gyno. There are also props out for the NBA playoffs. Shoot me a PM if there's ever a prop card you want to split up.

Great stuff. Sharp Sports Betting by Stanford Wong has a complete chapter covering Poisson and props. I pull it off the shelve every time superbowl props come around. I need a reference, i am too old to remeber all this in my head.

Tim appreciate the effort. 12io4j2w90

Wong's book is one of the best tools out there. He goes through step by step how to do these and any number of different types of props. I learned tons from him. I'm still in school so I'm used to reading and retaining information, but there's nothing wrong with going back to the well :cheers
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

Does anyone see the game will go into OT/no OT prop out there? What numbers are you seeing? Same for there will be a safety/no safety.
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

Thanks, CB. I saw those too, looking for some better numbers. These are the types of things I'm going to wait until right before the game to bet.
 

ballwonder

EOG Master
Re: Prop Handicapping

Damn impressive Tim, I need a laptop so I can read this kind of educational material when in the can.

91023i2ndw;l
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

this thread just reminded my why i struggled in algerbra

You don't really need to use any algebra for props (teasers are a different story). All you have to do is come up with a number of 'events' you expect for a given prop (and basic averages from and the spreadsheet will do the rest.

If you're interested in trying to work through one, post a prop here and what you expect. The best ones to start with are the single 'countable' variable ones, i.e. field goals, pass completions, etc.
 

munson15

I want winners...
Re: Prop Handicapping

Thanks, CB. I saw those too, looking for some better numbers. These are the types of things I'm going to wait until right before the game to bet.
You're going to lay heavy odds on no OT or safety, Tim?
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

If I can get -750 or better on no OT, I'll likely be on that. Looking for similar number on the no safety. With some shopping and late movement, I should be able to get those if historical precedent holds true. But don't tell anyone. :cheers

I need the people to start pounding the "yes" to all of these props out there.
 

munson15

I want winners...
Re: Prop Handicapping

I hear you, Tim. Tell you what, though, I've gotten the feeling that we're due for an OT with some of the great finishes we've seen. GL on both, I'm pretty sure you'll get your price on the OT, which is ironic, because there have been several safeties but never an OT in the Super Bowl.
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

Could be, but I'm just going to play the percentages. If I get a number that's a nice chunk lower than the probability that I think the game will go into OT, I'm going to bet it. But because of the juice, it'll probably own be to win a half unit.
 

938four

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

any value in shortest fg?

stover very accurrate but limited distance because of age

saints kicker haave edge?

tks
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

any value in shortest fg?

stover very accurrate but limited distance because of age

saints kicker haave edge?

tks

The kicking props this year a little tricky because Matt Stover only played half the year, so the stats are limited. I'm working on a presentation for one of my college seminars classes right now (correlation between on field success in college football and alumni donations is one of the things I'm looking at, for what it's worth), so I don't have time to look up all the numbers myself but I'll try to give you a few things to get started.

Do you have an exact prop (with #s) in mind?

I'm sure you can find them fairly easily on ESPN or NFL.com. First thing to do is determine how many FG attempts you expect in the game. Both average defenses so just doing FG attempts (for each respective kicker) divided by number of games should work. I don't see any reason why the would kick more or less FGs on average in the Super Bowl than they did in the regular season.

Save these numbers (estimated # of FGs each team will kick) and you can use the Poisson Distribution to determine if you have an edge if/when the books offer a Colts vs. Saints FGs prop (i.e. Colts -0.5 FGs at +140 or whatever the numbers they come up with).

As for the shortest FG, this wouldn't fall under the category of Poisson Props. This is what Jeff was talking about before with events that occur in "bunches". One of the criteria for using the Poisson Distribution for this kind of prop is that it occurs one at a time like a penalty or sack, not in bunches like passing yardage, sack yardage, penalty yardage or FG yardage.

But that doesn't mean you still can't do some math to see if you have an edge. I'm sure there are others out there who can help you better with this exact prop, but go at it the same way you would anything else in sports betting. Come up with a probability, convert that to a moneyline, then compare it to the (preferably no-vig) line the books are offering.

Perhaps a good place to start would be to calculate the average attempt and average make for each kicker (they might even have it listed). Then think a little bit about what other factors may play a role (such as weather which shouldn't come in to play, maybe coaching tendencies?) but don't spend too much time with this. No more than 5-10 minutes. Once you come up with some numbers, post them here. Hopefully we'll find a nice bet to help the board make some money.
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

I just did a little searching out of curiosity and this is what I came across:

- Stover went 9 of 11 (81.8 percent) on field goals during the regular season and 33 of 33 (100%) in PATs; he's made all 5 of his FGs and XPs in the playoffs.

- Saints kicking situation was a little strange. Anyone know why Hartley didn't play the first few games? Anyway:Hartley made 9 of 11 field goals in regular season (81.8 percent) and 10 of 11 XPs; 2 of 2 for FGS in post season and 10 of 10 with XPs

You could price an O/U total FGs using this info and the posted method Poisson Distribution. As for O/U longest FG or which team will make the longer one, you'll need to use different methods but it's still possible to calculate if you have an edge or not.

Anyone else have thoughts re: these kicker props? What ones are out there?
 

Jeff Haney

EOG Addicted
Re: Prop Handicapping

Safety: Yes +700, No -1000

OT: Yes +900, No -1300

These are somewhat similar to what I've seen so far.

At Lucky's in Nevada, for example, it's -1300/+900 on the safety. It's -1250/+850 on OT.

Also ...

2-point conversion attempt: No, -300; Yes, +240

Successful 2-point conversion: No, -500; Yes, +375

Missed extra point: No, -1600; Yes, +1100

As Tim and others have pointed out, the way to play these is almost always either "No" or no action.
 

benny0420

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

If the Saints win the Superbowl 90% chance Drew Brees will be the MVP.

He is sitting at +300. The Saints are +180.

I know my position here.
 

munson15

I want winners...
Re: Prop Handicapping

Carney was the FG kicker for NO most of the year, but was so ineffective they replaced him with Hartley, who promptly cost them the TB game with a short-range miss at the gun in week 16. He has much more range than Carney, who is 45-years old.
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

If anyone's interested, here is what I said earlier in Fezzik's thread re: Reggie Bush rushing attempts O/U

That Reggie Bush prop is an interesting one. If you just look at his average attempts per game in the games where he played (5.13) and median (5.5) you'd think the over has great value. But look at the games the Saints were involved in where the final score had a difference of 7 or less, and Bush only averaged 3.5 carries per game and his median # of carries (you use the median to get rid of any outliers that might throw the average out of whack) was also 3.5.

So just doing some approximations, weigh the regular season as 40%, the close games as 40%, and the playoffs as 20% you'd get a rough expectation of Reggie Bush having 4.73 carries. That's probably giving the playoffs a little too much importance, but nevertheless if this is our predicted number of carries, then the fair (no-vig) line at 4.5 would be:

OVER 4.5 ATTEMPTS (-104)
UNDER 4.5 ATTEMPTS (+104)

Anyone else have thoughts on this prop?
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

And an answer to someone's question (via PM). Would like to hear other's opinions on this.

Hey John, I'm pretty busy today too. Hopefully I'll have more time in a little to discuss these more in depth but for now I'll just run through one example. I took out Weeks 16 and 17 and included the 2 playoff games.

In these games, the Colts averaged 3.85 punts per game (171.8 yards per game) while the Saints averaged 3.5 punts (155 avg per game) which would give us an expected total of 7.35 punts (Colts 3.85 ppg + Saints 3.5 ppg). You can go to the Poisson one variable tab in the attached spreadsheet. Where it says "user specify the mean" type in our expected number of events - in this case 7.35 - in the user specify EV I would recommend just leaving an edge of 10% to give us a little margin of error.

Now you should see a list of numbers under "x" which is our "number of punts" and corresponding probabilities and payout odds. Just looking at two of my outs, I see that 5Dimes has the over 7.5 punts at -120 and under 7.5 punts at +100, while BetPhoenix has the over 7.5 at -110 and the under at -120.

If you go across the 7.5, you'll see a term of +101 for the under. That means that if I could get +101 on under 7.5 punts, I have a 10% edge. So I'll probably be taking the under here. Two other things to think about though: the total for this game is 56.5 and the league average is 43 so you may want to increase your scoring estimates by 20% or so. And the spread indicates a game that will be decided in less than a touchdown, so it would be wise to give extra importance to the close games.

Shopping around is critical when it comes to props. If you come up with any other averages or questions, let me know.
 

IrishTim

EOG Dedicated
Re: Prop Handicapping

Probably last one -

Hey, sorry I got caught up in all my NCAAB action and forgot about this prop. I just gave it a look. I'm fairly certain that sacks don't count as a rush (for example - look at Week 8 vs. the 49ers, according to ESPN Peyton had 0 rush attempts but was sacked 3 times) but you may want to verify with the book.

Anyway - if you look at the 16 games I've been including (first 14 regular season games, 2 playoff games), Peyton averages 1.22 rushes per game (median of 1) so let's say 1.1 rush per game in the regular season. In the "close" - determined by final score difference of 7 or less - games that Colts were a part of (week 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15) Peyton averaged 1.25 attempts with a median of 1, so let's say 1.125 expected rushes in close games. In the playoffs, Peyton has 3 rush attempts in 2 games, giving us an average of 1.5.

So again, let's factor in the regular season as 40%, the close games 40%, and the playoffs as 20% (45, 45, 10 may be better but it's fine for this example) = 1.19 EXPECTED RUSHES for Peyton Manning.

If you think this is a fair calculation for the expected number of rushes, then the fair line using Poisson Distribution would be:

MANNING OVER 1.5 ATTEMPTS (+200)
MANNING UNDER 1.5 ATTEMPTS (-200)

The break-even probability for an event with payout odds of +150 is 40%, and for +200 - which is the fair line according to the above approximations - is 33.3%.

So by taking the posted over of +150, you're paying the price of something that would have to occur 40% of the time just to break-even for an event that we think will only occur less than 34% of the time, giving you a negative edge of about 6%.

You can look up the numbers for Brees, but I doubt there is value on the over there. If you can get the UNDER 1.5 rush attempts for Peyton at -154 or better, I would recommend taking that (giving about a 10% edge).
 

kirkmuller

EOG Senior Member
Re: Prop Handicapping

Great thread Tim and others,
what makes the superbowl prop market so inefficient that it allows +EV opportunities ? limits too low to attract the sharps to beat the lines into -EV on both sides?

also, does the market get more efficient as gametime approaches, or are the limits so low that the sharps can't have an impact as they would on sides and totals compared to public money?
 
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