Re: MUNSON'S PLAYS
Courtesy of Wikipedia:
Operation Barbarossa (
German:
Unternehmen Barbarossa, for
Frederick I) was the
code name for
Germany's invasion of the
Soviet Union during
World War II that began on 22 June 1941.<SUP id=cite_ref-Higgins_9-0 class=reference>
[10]</SUP><SUP id=cite_ref-10 class=reference>
[11]</SUP> Over 4.5 million troops of the
Axis powers invaded the USSR along a 2,900 km (1,800 mi) front.<SUP id=cite_ref-11 class=reference>
[12]</SUP> In addition to the large number of troops, it also involved 600,000 motor vehicles and 750,000 horses.<SUP id=cite_ref-12 class=reference>
[13]</SUP> Planning for Operation Barbarossa started on 18 December 1940; the secret preparations and the military operation itself lasted almost a year, from spring to winter 1941. The
Red Army repelled the
Wehrmacht's strongest blow, and
Adolf Hitler did not achieve the expected victory, but the Soviet Union's situation remained dire. Tactically, the Germans had won some resounding victories and occupied some of the most important economic areas of the country, mainly in
Ukraine.<SUP id=cite_ref-13 class=reference>
[14]</SUP> Despite these successes, the Germans were pushed back from
Moscow and could never mount an offensive simultaneously along the entire strategic
Soviet-German front again.<SUP id=cite_ref-14 class=reference>
[15]</SUP>
Operation Barbarossa's failure led to Hitler's demands for further operations inside the USSR, all of which eventually failed, such as continuing the
Siege of Leningrad,<SUP id=cite_ref-15 class=reference>
[16]</SUP><SUP id=cite_ref-16 class=reference>
[17]</SUP>
Operation Nordlicht, and
Battle of Stalingrad, among other battles on the occupied Soviet territory.<SUP id=cite_ref-17 class=reference>
[18]</SUP><SUP id=cite_ref-Directorate_18-0 class=reference>
[19]</SUP><SUP id=cite_ref-19 class=reference>
[20]</SUP><SUP id=cite_ref-20 class=reference>
[21]</SUP><SUP id=cite_ref-21 class=reference>
[22]</SUP>
Operation Barbarossa was the largest military operation in human history in both manpower and casualties.<SUP id=cite_ref-22 class=reference>
[23]</SUP> Its failure was a turning point in the
Third Reich's fortunes. Most important, Operation Barbarossa opened up the
Eastern Front, to which more forces were committed than in any other theatre of war in world history. Operation Barbarossa and the areas that fell under it became the site of some of the largest battles, deadliest atrocities, highest casualties, and most horrific conditions for Soviets and Germans alike — all of which influenced the course of both World War II and 20th century history.